高丕永英语语法讲义（转载完毕）

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8.2 forget doing/to do

　 forget to do　忘记要去做某事，forget doing　忘记做过某事。例如：

　　The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）

　　He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）

典型例题

　 ---- The light in the office is still on.

　 ---- Oh，I forgot___.　　　　　　　　　　

　 A. turning it off　 B. turn it off　 C. to turn it off　 D. having turned it off

　 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

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8.3 remember doing/to do

　 remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing　记得做过某事。例如：

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

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8.4 regret doing/to do

regret to do　对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing　对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：

　　I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

　　I don't regret telling her what I thought.　我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

典型例题

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do　 B. to be doing　 C.　to have done　 D.　having done

答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。

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8.5 cease doing/to do

cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing　 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：

　　That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。

　　The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。

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8.6 try doing/to do

　 try to do　努力，企图做某事，try doing　试验，试着做某事。例如：

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

　 I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

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8.7 go on doing/to do

go on to do　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing　继续做原来做的事。例如：

　 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

　 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习

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8.8 be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do　不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，be afraid of doing　担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。例如：

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

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8.9 be interested doing/to do

　 interested to do　对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing　 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如：

I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法）

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8.10 mean to doing/to do

　 mean to do　 打算、想，mean doing　意味着。例如：

　 　I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

　To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。

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8.11 begin（start） doing/to do

　 begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.

1） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：

　 How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

　2） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：

　　I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。

　3） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：

　　I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。

　4） 事物作主语时。例如：

　　The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了

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8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：

　 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调"我看见了"这个事实）

　　I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

　 典型例题

1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.　

　 A. grow　 B. grew　 C. was growing　 D. to grow

　 答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.　

　 A. playing　 B. to be playing　　C. play　　D. to play

　 答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

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9. 分词

分词既有动词的特征，由有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别。及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别。分词常用的形式如表所示（以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例）：


do
go

主动
被动

现在分词
doing
being done
going

过去分词
/
done
gone

完成式
having done
having been done
/

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9.1 分词作定语

不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given, left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：

　We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日

　He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人

　There was a girl sitting there.　有个女孩坐在那里

　This is the question given.　　 这是所给的问题

　There is nothing interesting.　 没有有趣的东西

　分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.

典型例题

　 1） The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.　

A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written

答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written

　 2）What's the language ____ in Germany?　

A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak

答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：What's the language （which is） spoken in German?

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9.2 分词作状语

分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。例如：

Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。

　 As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

　 Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。

　 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

　典型例题

　1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed

　答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.

　2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.　

A. followed　 B. following　 C. to be followed　 D. being followed

　答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。

　3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating　 B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat

　答案C. 本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…

注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：

Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。

　 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。

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9.3 连词+分词（短语）

　有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.　但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：

　　While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.

等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。（waiting 和saw 的主语相同）

9.4 分词作补语

　　通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如：

　 I found my car missing.　我发现我的车不见了。

　 'll have my watch repaired.　我想把我的手表修一下。

9.5 分词作表语

表示主语的状态等。例如：

　 She looked tired with cooking.　她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。

　 He remained standing beside the table.　他依然站在桌旁。