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Re: [color=violet][b]历史上的今天[/b][/color](1950/10/19,中国人民志愿军赴
欧内斯特·卢瑟福
欧内斯特·卢瑟福, OM, FRS (1871年8月30日 - 1937年10月19日), 被称为核物理之父,开拓了原子的轨道理论,特别是在他的金箔实验中发现了卢瑟福散射现象。
Rutherford was born at Spring Grove, (now in Brightwater), near Nelson, New Zealand. He studied at Nelson College and Canterbury College, with three degrees and two years of research at the forefront of electrical technology.
In 1895 Rutherford travelled to England for postgraduate study at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge (1895-1898), resident at Trinity College. There he briefly held the world record for the distance over which wireless waves were detected. During the investigation of radioactivity he coined the terms alpha and beta rays.
In 1898 Rutherford was appointed to the chair of physics at McGill University where he did the work which gained him the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He had demonstrated that radioactivity was the spontaneous disintegration of atoms. This is ironic given his famous remark "In science there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting.". He noticed that in a sample of radioactive material it invariably took the same amount of time for half the sample to decay — its "half-life" — and created a practical application for this phenomenon using this constant rate of decay as a clock, which could then be used to help determine the actual age of the Earth that turned out to be much older than most scientists at the time believed. |
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